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In the tutorial, Grokonez introduces about Java TreeMap and how to use it by examples:
– Explore Java TreeMap’s hierarchy.
– Do examples with Java TreeMap method APIs
Let’s start with more details!
Related posts:
– How to use Java PriorityQueue with Examples
Java TreeMap
public class TreeMapextends AbstractMap implements NavigableMap , Cloneable, Serializable public interface NavigableMap extends SortedMap
– Java TreeMap extends AbstractMap
class and implements NavigableMap
interface. Here is Java TreeMap hierarchy:
– Java TreeMap use a Red-Black tree based NavigableMap
implementation.
– Java TreeMap is sorted according to the natural ordering of its keys, or by a Comparator
provided at map creation time, depending on which constructor is used.
– Java TreeMap provides guaranteed log(n) time cost for the containsKey
, get
, put
and remove
operations.
– Java TreeMap’s implementation is not synchronized. If multiple threads access a map concurrently, and at least one of the threads modifies the map structurally, it must be synchronized externally.
SortedMap m = Collections.synchronizedSortedMap(new TreeMap(...));
– Java TreeMap has all the functionalities of SortedMap
and NavigableMap
interface. A SortedMap
extended with navigation methods returning the closest matches for given search targets:
+ Methods lowerEntry
, floorEntry
, ceilingEntry
, and higherEntry
return Map.Entry objects associated with keys respectively less than, less than or equal, greater than or equal, and greater than a given key, returning null if there is no such key.
+ Methods lowerKey
, floorKey
, ceilingKey
, and higherKey
return only the associated keys
+ Methods firstEntry
, pollFirstEntry
, lastEntry
, and pollLastEntry
that return and/or remove the least and greatest mappings, if any exist, else returning null.
– Java TreeMap cannot contain duplicate keys; each key can map to at most one value.
– Java TreeMap cannot contain the null key. BUT It can have null
values.
Construct Java TreeMap
Setup for Examples
– Create 2 classes KeyInfo
and Employee
:
class KeyInfo{ Integer id; String name; public KeyInfo(Integer id, String name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; } public int getId() { return this.id; } public String getName() { return this.name; } public String toString() { return String.format("[id = %d, name = %s]", id, name); } } class Employee{ Integer id; String name; Double salary; String city; public Employee(Integer id, String name, Double salary, String city){ this.id = id; this.name = name; this.salary = salary; this.city = city; } public int getId() { return this.id; } public String getName() { return this.name; } public Double getSalary() { return this.salary; } public String getCity() { return this.city; } public String toString() { return String.format("[id = %d, name = %s, salary = %.2f, city = %s]", id, name, salary, city); } }
1. TreeMap() Constructor
Detail:
public TreeMap()
– Constructs a new, empty Java Tree Map, using the natural ordering of its keys.
– All keys inserted into the map must implement the Comparable interface.
Example:
MapnumberMap = new TreeMap (); numberMap.put(1, "one"); numberMap.put(9, "nine"); numberMap.put(5, "five"); numberMap.put(2, "two"); numberMap.put(7, "seven"); numberMap.put(4, "four"); System.out.println(numberMap);
-> Output:
{1=one, 2=two, 4=four, 5=five, 7=seven, 9=nine}
Java TreeMap with Comparable Object Keys
Add Comparable
interface to KeyInfo
class:
class KeyInfo implements Comparable{ ... @Override public int compareTo(KeyInfo o) { if(id == o.id) return 0; else if(id > o.id) return 1; else return -1; } ... }
– Create Java TreeMap Example:
MapemployeeMap = new TreeMap (); employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(1, "Jack"), new Employee(1, "Jack", 6000.0, "Fall River")); employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(4, "Joe"), new Employee(4, "Joe", 7000.0, "Wilmington")); employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(10, "Davis"), new Employee(10, "Davis", 6500.0, "Hammond")); employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(7, "Mary"), new Employee(6, "Mary", 5700.0, "Duluth")); employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(9, "Jane"), new Employee(8, "Jane", 8000.0, "Albany")); employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(3, "Harry"), new Employee(3, "Harry", 6800.0, "Parma")); System.out.println(employeeMap);
-> Output:
// { // [id = 1, name = Jack]=[id = 1, name = Jack, salary = 6000,00, city = Fall River], // [id = 3, name = Harry]=[id = 3, name = Harry, salary = 6800,00, city = Parma], // [id = 4, name = Joe]=[id = 4, name = Joe, salary = 7000,00, city = Wilmington], // [id = 7, name = Mary]=[id = 6, name = Mary, salary = 5700,00, city = Duluth], // [id = 9, name = Jane]=[id = 8, name = Jane, salary = 8000,00, city = Albany], // [id = 10, name = Davis]=[id = 10, name = Davis, salary = 6500,00, city = Hammond] // }
2. TreeMap(comparator) Constructor
Detail:
public TreeMap(Comparator super K> comparator)
– Constructs a new, empty tree map, ordered according to the given comparator.
– All keys inserted into the map must be mutually comparable by the given comparator.
– The comparator that will be used to order this map. If null
, the natural ordering of the keys will be used.
Example: reverse order of entries
MapnumberMap = new TreeMap (Comparator.reverseOrder()); numberMap.put(1, "one"); numberMap.put(9, "nine"); numberMap.put(5, "five"); numberMap.put(2, "two"); numberMap.put(7, "seven"); numberMap.put(4, "four"); System.out.println(numberMap);
-> Output:
// {9=nine, 7=seven, 5=five, 4=four, 2=two, 1=one}
Create Java TreeMap Example with Object Keys using Comparator
– Implement Comparator
class in Java TreeMap constructor:
MapemployeeMap = new TreeMap (new Comparator () { @Override public int compare(KeyInfo o1, KeyInfo o2) { if (o1.id == o2.id) return 0; else if(o1.id < o2.id) return 1; else return -1; } });
- Add entries to the TreeMap:
employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(1, "Jack"), new Employee(1, "Jack", 6000.0, "Fall River")); employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(4, "Joe"), new Employee(4, "Joe", 7000.0, "Wilmington")); employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(10, "Davis"), new Employee(10, "Davis", 6500.0, "Hammond")); employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(7, "Mary"), new Employee(6, "Mary", 5700.0, "Duluth")); employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(9, "Jane"), new Employee(8, "Jane", 8000.0, "Albany")); employeeMap.put(new KeyInfo(3, "Harry"), new Employee(3, "Harry", 6800.0, "Parma")); System.out.println(employeeMap);
-> Output:
// { // [id = 10, name = Davis]=[id = 10, name = Davis, salary = 6500,00, city = Hammond], // [id = 9, name = Jane]=[id = 8, name = Jane, salary = 8000,00, city = Albany], // [id = 7, name = Mary]=[id = 6, name = Mary, salary = 5700,00, city = Duluth], // [id = 4, name = Joe]=[id = 4, name = Joe, salary = 7000,00, city = Wilmington], // [id = 3, name = Harry]=[id = 3, name = Harry, salary = 6800,00, city = Parma], // [id = 1, name = Jack]=[id = 1, name = Jack, salary = 6000,00, city = Fall River] // }
3. TreeMap(Map m) Constructor
Detail:
public TreeMap(Map extends K,? extends V> m)
- Constructs a new tree map containing the same mappings as the given map, ordered according to the natural ordering of its keys
- All keys inserted into the new map must implement the Comparable interface.
- BigO = n*log(n) time.
Example:
- Add Comparable
to KeyInfo
:
class KeyInfo implements Comparable{ ... @Override public int compareTo(KeyInfo o) { if(id == o.id) return 0; else if(id > o.id) return 1; else return -1; } ... }
- Create a Java TreeMap:
MapemployeeMap = new TreeMap (new HashMap () { { put(new KeyInfo(1, "Jack"), new Employee(1, "Jack", 6000.0, "Fall River")); put(new KeyInfo(4, "Joe"), new Employee(4, "Joe", 7000.0, "Wilmington")); put(new KeyInfo(10, "Davis"), new Employee(10, "Davis", 6500.0, "Hammond")); put(new KeyInfo(7, "Mary"), new Employee(6, "Mary", 5700.0, "Duluth")); put(new KeyInfo(9, "Jane"), new Employee(8, "Jane", 8000.0, "Albany")); put(new KeyInfo(3, "Harry"), new Employee(3, "Harry", 6800.0, "Parma")); } }); System.out.println(employeeMap);
-> Output:
// { // [id = 10, name = Davis]=[id = 10, name = Davis, salary = 6500,00, city = Hammond], // [id = 9, name = Jane]=[id = 8, name = Jane, salary = 8000,00, city = Albany], // [id = 7, name = Mary]=[id = 6, name = Mary, salary = 5700,00, city = Duluth], // [id = 4, name = Joe]=[id = 4, name = Joe, salary = 7000,00, city = Wilmington], // [id = 3, name = Harry]=[id = 3, name = Harry, salary = 6800,00, city = Parma], // [id = 1, name = Jack]=[id = 1, name = Jack, salary = 6000,00, city = Fall River] // }
4. TreeMap(SortedMap m) Constructor
Detail:
public TreeMap(SortedMapm)
- Constructs a new tree map containing the same mappings and using the same ordering as the specified sorted map.
- This method runs in linear time.
Example:
+ Create SortedMap:
SortedMapsortedMap = new TreeMap (); sortedMap.put(new KeyInfo(1, "Jack"), new Employee(1, "Jack", 6000.0, "Fall River")); sortedMap.put(new KeyInfo(4, "Joe"), new Employee(4, "Joe", 7000.0, "Wilmington")); sortedMap.put(new KeyInfo(10, "Davis"), new Employee(10, "Davis", 6500.0, "Hammond")); sortedMap.put(new KeyInfo(7, "Mary"), new Employee(6, "Mary", 5700.0, "Duluth")); sortedMap.put(new KeyInfo(9, "Jane"), new Employee(8, "Jane", 8000.0, "Albany")); sortedMap.put(new KeyInfo(3, "Harry"), new Employee(3, "Harry", 6800.0, "Parma"));
+ Then init a Java TreeMap:
MapnewEmployeesMap = new TreeMap (sortedMap); System.out.println(newEmployeesMap);
-> Output:
// { // [id = 1, name = Jack]=[id = 1, name = Jack, salary = 6000,00, city = Fall River], // [id = 3, name = Harry]=[id = 3, name = Harry, salary = 6800,00, city = Parma], // [id = 4, name = Joe]=[id = 4, name = Joe, salary = 7000,00, city = Wilmington], // [id = 7, name = Mary]=[id = 6, name = Mary, salary = 5700,00, city = Duluth], // [id = 9, name = Jane]=[id = 8, name = Jane, salary = 8000,00, city = Albany], // [id = 10, name = Davis]=[id = 10, name = Davis, salary = 6500,00, city = Hammond] // }
Find/Search Key-Value Pair in Java TreeMap
Following the example, We use a set of TreeMap functionalities:
- ceilingEntry(K key)
:
-> returns a key-value mapping associated with the least key greater than or equal to the given key, or null if there is no such key.
- ceilingKey(K key)
:
-> returns the least key greater than or equal to the given key, or null if there is no such key.
- containsKey(Object key)
:
-> returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
- containsValue(Object value)
:
-> returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.
- firstEntry()
:
-> returns a key-value mapping associated with the least key in this map, or null if the map is empty.
- firstKey()
:
-> returns the first (lowest) key currently in this map.
- floorEntry(K key)
:
-> returns a key-value mapping associated with the greatest key less than or equal to the given key, or null if there is no such key.
- floorKey(K key)
:
-> returns the greatest key less than or equal to the given key, or null if there is no such key.
- get(Object key)
:
-> returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or null if this map contains no mapping for the key.
- lastEntry()
:
-> Returns a key-value mapping associated with the greatest key in this map, or null if the map is empty.
- lastKey()
:
-> Returns the last (highest) key currently in this map.
- lowerEntry(K key)
:
-> Returns a key-value mapping associated with the greatest key strictly less than the given key, or null if there is no such key.
- lowerKey(K key)
:
-> Returns the greatest key strictly less than the given key, or null if there is no such key.
Example:
TreeMapnumberMap = new TreeMap (); numberMap.put(1, "one"); numberMap.put(9, "nine"); numberMap.put(5, "five"); numberMap.put(2, "two"); numberMap.put(7, "seven"); numberMap.put(4, "four"); Entry keyValue = numberMap.ceilingEntry(6); System.out.println(keyValue); // 7=seven Integer key = numberMap.ceilingKey(6); System.out.println(key); // 7 boolean c =numberMap.containsKey(6); System.out.println(c); // false c = numberMap.containsValue("seven"); System.out.println(c); // true keyValue = numberMap.firstEntry(); System.out.println(keyValue); // 1=one Integer firstKey = numberMap.firstKey(); System.out.println(firstKey); // 1 keyValue = numberMap.floorEntry(6); System.out.println(keyValue); // 5=five key = numberMap.floorKey(6); System.out.println(key); // 5 String value = numberMap.get(5); System.out.println(value); // five keyValue = numberMap.lastEntry(); System.out.println(keyValue); // 9=nine key = numberMap.lastKey(); System.out.println(key); // 9 keyValue = numberMap.lowerEntry(9); System.out.println(keyValue); // 7=seven key = numberMap.lowerKey(9); System.out.println(key); // 7
Modify/Remove Entries of Java TreeMap
List of method APIs to modify and remove entries of Java TreeMap Collection:
- pollFirstEntry()
: Removes and returns a key-value mapping associated with the least key in this map, or null if the map is empty.
- pollLastEntry()
: Removes and returns a key-value mapping associated with the greatest key in this map, or null if the map is empty.
- put(K key, V value)
: Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
- putAll(Map extends K,? extends V> map)
: Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map.
Example:
TreeMapnumberMap = new TreeMap (); numberMap.put(1, "one"); numberMap.put(9, "nine"); numberMap.put(5, "five"); numberMap.put(2, "two"); numberMap.put(7, "seven"); numberMap.put(4, "four"); numberMap.pollFirstEntry(); System.out.println(numberMap); // {2=two, 4=four, 5=five, 7=seven, 9=nine} numberMap.pollLastEntry(); System.out.println(numberMap); // {2=two, 4=four, 5=five, 7=seven} numberMap.put(2, "TWO"); System.out.println(numberMap); // {2=TWO, 4=four, 5=five, 7=seven} TreeMap addingNumberMap = new TreeMap (); addingNumberMap.put(10, "ten"); addingNumberMap.put(11, "eleven"); numberMap.putAll(addingNumberMap); System.out.println(numberMap); // {2=TWO, 4=four, 5=five, 7=seven, 10=ten, 11=eleven}
Getting a View of Java TreeMap
List of method APIs to get a view portion of Java TreeMap:
- descendingKeySet()
:
-> Returns a reverse order NavigableSet view of the keys contained in this map.
- descendingMap()
:
-> Returns a Set view of the mappings contained in this map.
- headMap(K toKey)
:
-> Returns a view of the portion of this map whose keys are strictly less than toKey.
- headMap(K toKey, boolean inclusive)
:
-> Returns a view of the portion of this map whose keys are less than (or equal to, if inclusive is true) toKey.
- subMap(K fromKey, boolean fromInclusive, K toKey, boolean toInclusive)
:
-> Returns a view of the portion of this map whose keys range from fromKey to toKey.
- subMap(K fromKey, K toKey)
:
-> Returns a view of the portion of this map whose keys range from fromKey, inclusive, to toKey, exclusive.
- tailMap(K fromKey)
:
-> Returns a view of the portion of this map whose keys are greater than or equal to fromKey.
- tailMap(K fromKey, boolean inclusive)
-> Returns a view of the portion of this map whose keys are greater than (or equal to, if inclusive is true) fromKey.
- values()
:
-> Returns a Collection view of the values contained in this map.
Example:
TreeMapnumberMap = new TreeMap (); numberMap.put(1, "one"); numberMap.put(9, "nine"); numberMap.put(5, "five"); numberMap.put(2, "two"); numberMap.put(7, "seven"); numberMap.put(4, "four"); NavigableSet descendingKeySet = numberMap.descendingKeySet(); System.out.println(descendingKeySet); // [9, 7, 5, 4, 2, 1] NavigableMap descendingMap = numberMap.descendingMap(); System.out.println(descendingMap); // {9=nine, 7=seven, 5=five, 4=four, 2=two, 1=one} SortedMap headMap = numberMap.headMap(9); System.out.println(headMap); // {1=one, 2=two, 4=four, 5=five, 7=seven} NavigableMap subMap = numberMap.subMap(2, false, 9, true); System.out.println(subMap); // {4=four, 5=five, 7=seven, 9=nine} SortedMap tailMap = numberMap.tailMap(5); System.out.println(tailMap); // {5=five, 7=seven, 9=nine} tailMap = numberMap.tailMap(5, false); System.out.println(tailMap); // {7=seven, 9=nine} Collection values = numberMap.values(); System.out.println(values); // [one, two, four, five, seven, nine]
Conclusion
We had learned how to use Java TreeMap by examples:
- Explore Java TreeMap hierarchy.
- How to construct Java TreeMap with difference constructors.
- Create Java TreeMap and through almost Java TreeMap's method APIs.
Happy Learning! See you later!
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